Carbohydrazide 1,3-Diaminomocovina 1,3-Diamino-urea CAS 497-18-7

Tree Chem manufactures Carbohydrazide CAS 497-18-7 for customers who want to purchase a reliable oxygen scavenger to replace hydrazine in medium- and high-pressure boiler water systems. The product reacts rapidly with dissolved oxygen, helps protect steel equipment from corrosion, and decomposes into gaseous products that do not increase boiler water conductivity.

Beyond boiler water treatment, Carbohydrazide is used as a reducing agent and intermediate in polymer production, pharmaceuticals, photographic chemicals, and metal surface treatment. Tree Chem offers consistent particle size, controlled moisture, and export-grade packaging, and our engineers can assist in dosage design and system evaluation. For further information, please email info@cntreechem.com.

Specification

Basic Information

Technical Specification

Applications

Boiler Water Treatment

• Carbohydrazide is a core oxygen scavenger for both power-station and industrial boilers, designed to replace toxic hydrazine while keeping a similar reaction pathway with dissolved oxygen. Its molecule reacts rapidly with O₂ to form nitrogen, water and carbon dioxide, and at the same time promotes the formation of protective magnetite layers on steel and passivating films on copper alloys, so corrosion rates in feedwater lines, drums and condensate circuits are greatly reduced. Because it is highly soluble in water and only weakly volatile, carbohydrazide is particularly suitable for modern all-organic treatment programs where condensate and boiler circuits are controlled without traditional sulfite.
• In high-pressure utility boilers and nuclear-steam generators, carbohydrazide is normally used as an auxiliary oxygen scavenger and lay-up agent. Dosed at only 2–5 mg/L into high-purity feedwater after mechanical or thermal deaeration, it removes residual oxygen and stabilizes passive films during shutdown wet preservation. In industrial boilers running at lower pressures but with less stringent feedwater quality, the typical dosage is higher—around 40–50 mg/L—to handle more dissolved oxygen and fluctuating operating conditions. When blended with neutralizing amines, volatile filming amines and organophosphonate or polycarboxylate scale inhibitors, carbohydrazide becomes part of multi-functional boiler treatments that simultaneously deliver deoxygenation, pH control, corrosion inhibition and scale prevention.
• Carbohydrazide also acts as a key component in boiler feedwater multi-purpose corrosion inhibitors. In these formulations it is combined with low-molecular-weight oligomers of carbohydrazide, aliphatic amines used as pH adjusters, and vapor-phase filming amines like hexadecylamine or octadecylamine. The carbohydrazide family handles dissolved oxygen and initiates passivation, while the amines increase alkalinity and generate protective films in both liquid and vapor phases, protecting steel surfaces throughout the water–steam cycle. Field tests show such blends can achieve deoxygenation efficiencies in the 90–97 % range and corrosion-inhibition efficiencies close to or above 90 %, making them suitable for demanding boiler systems in power, chemical and textile plants.
• Under special water qualities, carbohydrazide is typically used in synergy with scaling inhibitors. In high-hardness waters, it is combined with organophosphonates such as HEDP or ATMP and polycarboxylates like polyepoxysuccinic acid to create “three-in-one” products that deoxygenate, inhibit corrosion and control scale simultaneously. In highly alkaline waters with pH around 8.5–9.5, its deoxygenation capacity is enhanced and it works well with caustic soda or soda ash. For seawater or high-salt boiler and cooling systems, carbohydrazide’s low sensitivity to chloride allows it to function in corrosive environments when paired with zinc or molybdate salts that protect stainless steels and other alloys at slightly elevated dosages.

Metalworking, Cleaning and Surface Engineering

• In metalworking fluids and cleaning formulations, carbohydrazide is used as both a corrosion inhibitor and a powerful reducing agent. In acid pickling inhibitors for steel, it is blended with isopropanol, propargyl alcohol, sodium chloride and surfactants so that the strong mineral acids can dissolve scale and rust while carbohydrazide reduces surface oxides and forms protective complexes on fresh metal, suppressing over-etching and pitting. The same reductive and film-forming behavior is exploited in alkaline and neutral metal cleaners, where carbohydrazide at 0.1–0.5 % prevents flash rusting and darkening during and after cleaning, especially on mixed-metal assemblies.
• Carbohydrazide also plays an important role in PCB and precision-metal cleaning. In printed circuit board cleaners and electronics wash solutions containing 0.5–2 % carbohydrazide, surfactants and water-miscible solvents such as ethanol or isopropanol, it removes oxide films from copper traces and component leads while preventing re-oxidation during processing. In broader metal surface-treatment baths for steel, copper alloys and aluminum alloys, carbohydrazide is incorporated into passivation systems together with chromates, phosphates or alkaline builders: as a reducing agent it helps strip unstable oxides, and as a passivator it promotes the formation of dense, adherent films that improve corrosion resistance and coating adhesion.
• The metal-processing field also uses carbohydrazide in water-based and oil-based rust inhibitors as a water-soluble, multi-metal corrosion inhibitor. In water-based rust inhibitors, it is combined with triethanolamine, sodium benzoate and carbonate to give temporary indoor or outdoor protection to steel, copper and aluminum; in oil-based systems containing mineral oil, barium sulfonate and wool-fat soaps, a small amount of carbohydrazide is first dissolved in water and then dispersed into the oil phase so that it can provide both reducing power and film-forming properties at metal interfaces. Vapor-phase inhibitors, which protect packaged components in enclosed spaces, use carbohydrazide together with cyclohexylamine carbonates and nitrite derivatives so that volatilized components form a “gas-phase” anti-corrosion shield, making it particularly useful for long-distance transport and export packaging.

Daily Chemical and Personal-Care Products

• In soaps, liquid cleansers and bath products, carbohydrazide is primarily a stabilizer and antioxidant that extends shelf life and maintains color. In bar soaps especially, it is incorporated into systems that contain phenolic antibacterial agents; here carbohydrazide suppresses rancid oxidation of fatty acids, helps keep perfume integrity and cooperates with phenolic actives to boost antimicrobial performance. The result is a soap that retains its intended color and odor after prolonged storage or exposure to bathroom humidity.
• In liquid soaps, shower gels and other body cleansers based on anionic surfactants (such as sodium lauryl ether sulfate) and amphoteric co-surfactants (such as cocamidopropyl betaine), carbohydrazide at 0.05–0.2 % works as an antioxidant and mild preservative-like component. It chelates trace metals introduced from water, equipment or packaging and intercepts oxidative chain reactions in fragrances and dyes, which helps control discoloration and off-odors without making the formula more irritating. The same concept is extended to laundry liquids, dishwashing liquids and kitchen degreasers, where carbohydrazide in the range of roughly 0.03–0.3 % not only stabilizes the formulation but also protects copper or brass parts in washing machines, dishwashers and pipelines from corrosion during repeated exposure to alkaline detergents.
• In personal-care products such as shampoos, conditioners and skin-care emulsions, carbohydrazide is appreciated for its low irritation profile and broad compatibility. Shampoos based on SLES, betaine surfactants and conditioning polymers use very small amounts of carbohydrazide (around 0.02–0.05 %) to prevent color and viscosity drift during storage; hair conditioners use it as a co-antioxidant with preservatives to protect fatty alcohols, silicones and cationic surfactants from oxidative degradation. In lotions and creams, where mineral oil, glycerin and emulsifiers must remain stable over time, carbohydrazide improves resistance to oxidation and can partially replace or supplement traditional preservatives, helping formulators balance stability, cost and dermal tolerance.

Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemical Intermediates

• In pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, carbohydrazide serves as a highly reactive intermediate and building block for hydrazone, azole and heterocyclic structures. Its two hydrazide groups readily condense with aldehydes and ketones to form hydrazones, which can then undergo cyclization or further functionalization to yield bioactive molecules, including anticancer, antituberculosis and cardiovascular agents. Because carbohydrazide has relatively low toxicity compared with hydrazine and offers good reactivity in aqueous and alcoholic media, it is an attractive starting material or linker for multi-step syntheses where safety and environmental performance matter.
• Typical pharmaceutical routes use carbohydrazide to prepare key intermediates by reaction with aromatic aldehydes or isonicotinic derivatives, followed by cyclization, halogenation or substitution to fine-tune pharmacological properties. Its ability to act as a bridge between different pharmacophores also allows medicinal chemists to design hybrid molecules with improved solubility or selectivity. In this sector, high-purity grades (≥99–99.5 %) with very low metal and free-hydrazine contents are preferred so that downstream reactions and final drug products meet stringent regulatory and quality requirements.

Agriculture and Food-Related Applications

• In agriculture, carbohydrazide appears as a plant-growth regulator, pesticide intermediate and food-related preservative. As a growth regulator, dilute aqueous solutions in the range of 50–200 ppm are applied to seeds or foliage to promote germination, enhance stress tolerance and increase yield. Its reactive structure allows it to modulate physiological processes and sometimes improve resistance to environmental stresses. In pesticide synthesis, carbohydrazide participates in the construction of sulfonylurea herbicides, insecticides and other agrochemicals, where it forms key linkages in the active molecules.
• Carbohydrazide is also used as a preservative for fruits and vegetables, exploiting its antimicrobial and antioxidant behavior. Spraying or dipping fresh produce in 0.1–0.5 % solutions slows microbial growth and oxidative browning, thus extending shelf life during storage and transportation. Because carbohydrazide is water-soluble and effective at low dosages, it can be integrated into post-harvest treatment processes with relatively simple equipment, although application must comply with local food safety regulations and residue limits.

Electronics and Semiconductor Industry

• In electronics manufacturing, carbohydrazide serves multiple functions as a cleaning aid, surface-treatment component and additive in plating and packaging systems. In printed circuit board production, PCB cleaning and etching-assist formulations containing carbohydrazide help remove oxide films and residues from copper surfaces while simultaneously providing a mild reducing environment that prevents immediate re-oxidation. This improves solderability and the reliability of fine copper traces and pads in high-density interconnect designs.
• Carbohydrazide is also used to modify epoxy curing systems for semiconductor and electronic packaging. By incorporating it into curing agents, formulators enhance crosslink density and moisture resistance, improving the thermal and humidity stability of encapsulation materials used in chips and modules. In electronic plating, carbohydrazide appears in small concentrations as a brightener or leveling agent, refining the grain structure of nickel or copper deposits and reducing defects such as pinholes and roughness. These roles, combined with its low volatility and strong reducing power, make carbohydrazide a versatile contributor to modern electronic processes.

Other Industrial Fields: Rubber, Textile, Propellant and Foaming

• In rubber compounding, carbohydrazide functions as an antioxidant and anti-aging additive, protecting elastomers from oxidative degradation during processing and service. At loadings of roughly 0.5–2 % in conjunction with conventional antidegradants, it slows chain scission and crosslink breakdown, extending the service life of tires and technical rubber goods. Its contribution is particularly valuable in applications exposed to elevated temperatures and oxygen, such as automotive and industrial seals.
• In the textile industry, carbohydrazide is applied as a crosslinking agent, formaldehyde scavenger and color-stability enhancer. It can react with residual formaldehyde in finishing agents, thereby reducing free formaldehyde on fabrics and improving textile safety. At the same time, its antioxidant activity helps protect carotenoid and other sensitive pigments in dyed fabrics against fading. Used at 0.1–0.5 % in textile auxiliaries, carbohydrazide improves fabric strength, appearance and environmental profile.
• Carbohydrazide’s strong reducing nature and gas-evolving decomposition behavior also underpin its use in rocket propellants and polymer foaming agents. In solid propellant compositions, it is combined with oxidizers such as hydrogen peroxide or ammonium perchlorate and other additives; upon combustion it releases nitrogen, water and carbon dioxide, contributing to thrust while offering some handling advantages compared with hydrazine derivatives. In polymer foaming, carbohydrazide decomposes in the 150–160 °C range to generate gases that create cellular structures in polyurethane, polystyrene and related plastics, giving lightweight foams for insulation, cushioning and packaging.
• Finally, beyond boilers, carbohydrazide sees broader use in cooling-water and wastewater treatment formulations. When blended with zinc salts, organophosphonates and polycarboxylate dispersants, it is part of “all-in-one” agents that combine oxygen scavenging with corrosion inhibition and scale control in circulating cooling systems and certain wastewater loops. Its solubility, multi-metal protection capability and compatibility with modern green-chemistry concepts keep carbohydrazide highly relevant across a wide spectrum of industrial water and materials-processing applications.

Storage & Handling

• Store in tightly sealed bags or containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
• Keep away from heat sources, open flames, and direct sunlight.
• Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.
• Ensure all transfer and feeding equipment is clean, dry, and corrosion-resistant.
• Ground equipment and use proper procedures to prevent static discharge during handling.

Usage Notice

• Use appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.
• Avoid inhalation of dust and contact with skin or eyes; wash thoroughly after handling.
• When preparing solutions, add Carbohydrazide gradually to water with agitation; do not add water into the solid.
• Confirm compatibility with other treatment chemicals before use, particularly other reducing or oxidizing agents.
• Follow local regulations and guidelines for disposal of residues, wash solutions, and packaging materials.
• Boiler oxygen-scavenger solution: a blend containing 1–3 parts carbohydrazide, 44–46 parts mixed neutralizing amines (cyclohexylamine, monoethanolamine, methoxypropylamine and aminomethylpropanol) and 52–54 parts deionized water is dosed into feedwater so that carbohydrazide removes dissolved oxygen while the amines raise pH and protect condensate lines in boiler systems.
• Amine-based boiler treatment agent: a formulation with 0.1 kg carbohydrazide, 0.7 kg neutralizing amines, 0.15 kg N-isopropylhydroxylamine and 0.05 kg sodium polyepoxysuccinate is added to boiler circuits to combine oxygen scavenging, pH control and scale inhibition in one product.
• Organic boiler water conditioner: a multi-component treatment containing 8–12 % polyepoxysuccinic acid, 4–8 % poly(citric acid–triethanolamine), 4–8 % carbohydrazide, 10–15 % dodecyl acetic amine, 1–5 % polyacrylamide and 1–5 % pyrazoxystrobin (balance water) is used as a boiler furnace water organic treatment to deliver deoxygenation, corrosion inhibition, scale control and microbial suppression simultaneously.
• Boiler feedwater multifunctional corrosion inhibitor: a product consisting of 10–15 % carbohydrazide and its oligomers, 12–18 % aliphatic amines such as n-butylamine or tert-butylamine, 15–20 % vapor-phase filming amines such as hexadecylamine or octadecylamine and the balance deionized water is injected into feedwater to scavenge oxygen and form protective films on both liquid-phase and steam-phase metal surfaces.
• Boiler deoxygenation–anticorrosion agent: a formulation where 30–50 parts organic reducing agent (a mixture of N-ethyl aniline and carbohydrazide oligomers), 5–10 parts dispersant, 6–8 parts passivator, 10–20 parts corrosion inhibitor, 3–5 parts pre-film agent and 40–80 parts water are combined and dosed into boiler systems to achieve deoxygenation, dispersion of corrosion products and long-term passivation of metals.
• Acid pickling steel corrosion inhibitor: a bath containing 20–26 kg isopropanol, 9–15 kg propargyl alcohol, 18–20 kg sodium chloride, 2–3 kg carbohydrazide, 1.8–3 kg alkylphenol ethoxylate, 0.3–1.3 kg sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 39.5–44 kg water is used in inorganic-acid pickling of steel to remove scale while carbohydrazide and other organics suppress acid attack on the clean metal surface.
• Environmentally friendly metal cleaner: a metal-cleaning formulation built from 15–25 % surfactants such as AES and LAS, 0.5–1 % chelators like EDTA, 0.1–0.5 % carbohydrazide, 5–10 % alkaline builders such as sodium carbonate and sodium metasilicate and water as the balance is applied to remove oils and oxides while preventing corrosion during and after cleaning.
• Circuit-board cleaning solution: a PCB cleaner with 0.5–2 % carbohydrazide, 5–10 % surfactant and 10–20 % organic solvent such as ethanol or isopropanol in water is used after etching to strip oxides and residues from copper circuitry and to maintain bright, solderable surfaces.
• Steel passivation bath: a steel passivator composed of 20–30 g/L chromic anhydride, 15–25 g/L phosphoric acid, 5–10 g/L nitric acid and 0.5–2 g/L carbohydrazide operated at 40–60 °C and pH 1.5–2.5 generates a dense passive film that improves corrosion resistance and paint adhesion on steel.
• Copper-alloy surface-treatment bath: a copper-alloy treatment solution containing 50–100 g/L sulfuric acid, 10–20 g/L hydrogen peroxide, 1–5 g/L carbohydrazide and 0.1–0.5 g/L surfactant at 20–40 °C is used to clean and micro-etch brass or bronze while carbohydrazide limits excessive attack and enhances surface brightness.
• Aluminum-alloy cleaning and activation bath: a solution with 20–50 g/L sodium hydroxide, 10–20 g/L sodium carbonate, 5–10 g/L sodium silicate and 0.5–2 g/L carbohydrazide at 60–80 °C is used to remove oxides and activate aluminum and its alloys, with carbohydrazide mitigating over-etching and improving subsequent coating adhesion.
• Water-based rust inhibitor: a water-dilutable rust-preventive concentrate containing 15–20 % triethanolamine, 8–12 % sodium benzoate, 0.3–0.5 % carbohydrazide, 3–5 % sodium carbonate and water as the balance is diluted and applied to steel and non-ferrous parts to form a temporary anti-rust film.
• Oil-based rust-preventive oil: an oil-phase rust inhibitor made from 70–80 % mineral oil, 8–12 % barium petroleum sulfonate, 3–5 % wool-fat magnesium soap, 0.2–0.4 % carbohydrazide (pre-dissolved in water) and 0.5–1 % antioxidant is coated onto metal parts to provide long-term storage protection against atmospheric corrosion.
• Vapor-phase corrosion inhibitor: a powder mixture comprising 30–40 % cyclohexylamine carbonate, 20–30 % dicyclohexylamine nitrite, 5–10 % carbohydrazide, 2–5 % stearic acid and talc as the balance is packed with metal goods so that volatilized amines and carbohydrazide form a protective atmosphere inside sealed packaging.
• Phenolic antibacterial soap: a bar-soap formulation containing 70–80 % fatty acids (palmitic and stearic), 15–20 % sodium hydroxide, 10–15 % water, 1–2 % fragrance, 0.1–0.5 % colorant and 0.1–0.5 % carbohydrazide incorporated into the phenolic antibacterial phase is produced to resist rancidity, prevent discoloration and enhance antimicrobial performance.
• Liquid soap or shower gel: a body-wash product with 12–18 % sodium lauryl ether sulfate, 3–5 % cocamidopropyl betaine, 5–8 % glycerin, 0.05–0.2 % carbohydrazide, 0.5–1 % fragrance and water to balance uses carbohydrazide as an antioxidant and stabilizer to protect fragrances and surfactants during storage.
• Laundry-liquid detergent: a laundry liquid comprising 15–20 % AES, 8–12 % LAS, 1–2 % CMC, 0.5–1 % EDTA, 0.05–0.1 % carbohydrazide, 0.2–0.5 % fragrance and water to 100 % is formulated so that carbohydrazide chelates metals, stabilizes the product and reduces corrosion of copper components in washing machines.
• Dishwashing liquid: a hand-dishwashing or machine-dishwashing product based on 10–15 % alkyl polyglucoside, 8–12 % fatty-acid methyl ester sulfonate, 3–5 % sodium citrate, 0.03–0.08 % carbohydrazide, 0.1–0.3 % preservative and water is used to clean kitchenware while protecting metallic parts in dispensers and equipment.
• Shampoo: a shampoo containing 12–18 % sodium lauryl sulfate, 3–5 % cocamidopropyl betaine, 1–2 % cationic conditioning polymer, 0.02–0.05 % carbohydrazide, 1–2 % pearlizing agent, 0.3–0.5 % fragrance and water uses carbohydrazide to stabilize fragrance and color and to assist the main preservative system.
• Hair conditioner: a conditioner formulated with 3–5 % cetyl alcohol, 3–5 % stearyl alcohol, 1–3 % silicone oil, 2–4 % cationic surfactant, 0.01–0.03 % carbohydrazide, 0.5–1 % fragrance and water is designed so that carbohydrazide protects lipophilic components from oxidation and supports product stability.
• Skin-care lotion: an emulsion containing 10–15 % mineral oil, 5–8 % glycerin, 3–5 % emulsifiers, 0.02–0.05 % carbohydrazide, 0.1–0.3 % preservative, 0.3–0.5 % fragrance and water provides moisturization while carbohydrazide acts as an antioxidant and shelf-life extender.
• Plant-growth regulator solution: an agricultural spray solution in which carbohydrazide is dissolved at 50–200 ppm in water is applied to seeds or foliage to promote germination, enhance stress resistance and increase crop yield.
• Fruit and vegetable preservative: a post-harvest treatment where fresh produce is dipped or sprayed with 0.1–0.5 % aqueous carbohydrazide solution is used to suppress microbial growth and oxidative browning, thereby extending storage and transportation life.
• Rocket-propellant composition: a solid propellant system containing 30–50 % carbohydrazide, 40–60 % oxidizer such as hydrogen peroxide or ammonium perchlorate and 5–10 % auxiliary additives uses the strong reducing and gas-evolving behavior of carbohydrazide to generate thrust when ignited.
• Foaming agent for plastics: a foaming formulation for polyurethane or polystyrene that uses carbohydrazide as a blowing agent that decomposes around 150–160 °C to release N₂, CO₂ and H₂O is incorporated into polymer melts to create lightweight, closed-cell foams.
• Integrated cooling-water treatment agent: a circulating-water treatment product containing 2–5 % carbohydrazide, 1–3 % zinc salt, 5–10 % organophosphonate and 10–15 % polycarboxylate dispersant in aqueous solution is dosed so that deoxygenation, multi-metal corrosion inhibition and scale control are achieved in one package.

Packaging

• 25 kg composite plastic woven bag
• Composite plastic woven bag or other export-compliant, environmentally friendly packaging can be supplied according to customer requirements
• Palletized and wrapped for containerized shipment on request