Ácido poliacrílico PAA Polímero de ácido acrílico CAS 9003-01-4

Tree Chem produces Polyacrylic Acid (PAA) with controlled molecular structure and high performance in water-treatment applications. PAA is supplied as a colorless to light-yellow transparent liquid, offering excellent calcium dispersion, sludge stabilization, and crystal distortion capabilities. It is widely used in circulating cooling-water systems, RO pretreatment, detergents, oilfield water treatment, and industrial cleaning formulations.

PAA is compatible with phosphonates, polycarboxylates, corrosion inhibitors, and polymer blends. Its stability under various pH and temperature conditions makes it suitable for harsh industrial environments. For more information or formulation support, please email info@cntreechem.com.

Especificación

Información básica

Especificación técnica

Note: Beyond the listed specifications, Tree Chem can produce customized Polyacrylic Acid with tailored molecular weights and various solid-content levels—including 50%, 60%, or other grades—to meet specific formulation and application requirements.

Aplicaciones

Industria de tratamiento de agua

• Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is primarily used in water treatment as a low- or zero-phosphorus scale inhibitor and dispersant for industrial circulating cooling-water, boiler-water, oilfield injection-water and reverse-osmosis systems. With abundant carboxyl groups on its chain, PAA chelates Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Fe³⁺, distorts the crystal lattice of CaCO₃ and CaSO₄ and keeps newly formed microcrystals finely dispersed instead of forming dense, adherent deposits. In high-pH, high-alkalinity, high-hardness cooling systems it allows operation at higher cycles of concentration while maintaining clean heat-exchange surfaces, reducing energy loss and extending cleaning intervals.
• In practical cooling-water operation, PAA is typically dosed at 5–20 mg/L depending on hardness and alkalinity, and even 1–15 mg/L can deliver strong threshold inhibition when used alone. It may also form part of more complex programs where PAA is combined with organophosphonates, zinc salts and biocides; in these blends PAA provides the main scale-control and dispersion effect, while the co-components contribute corrosion inhibition and microbiological control. High-efficiency formulations use PAA together with AA/MA copolymers and isothiazolinone preservatives, or with PASP and PBTCA in “green” blends that achieve scale-inhibition rates above 95 % and annual corrosion rates on carbon steel around or below 0.05 mm/a.
• In boiler-water treatment, PAA’s strong chelation and good thermal stability help prevent carbonate and sulfate scaling on heat-transfer surfaces. In fire-power plants, replacing traditional phosphate-based programs with PAA-containing treatments allows boiler alkalinity to be maintained at higher limits while suppressing hard deposits; PAA forms soluble complexes with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ and builds a thin protective film that reduces direct contact between metal and corrosive species. Field data show that after switching to PAA treatments, boilers can maintain high limiting alkalinity, control deposit thickness and significantly lower corrosion rates.
• In oilfield injection-water systems, PAA controls scaling in pipelines, wellbores and reservoir pore spaces. Formation and injection waters typically contain Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ba²⁺, which tend to form CaCO₃ and BaSO₄ deposits under changing pressure and temperature. PAA’s carboxyl groups ionize to carboxylate anions that chelate these cations, increase their solubility and delay precipitation. In addition, PAA can be added to drilling fluids as a stabilizing and dispersing component, where it improves rheology, reduces solids agglomeration and helps keep cuttings suspended. In produced-water treatment it assists in dispersing suspended solids and binding heavy-metal ions, facilitating downstream clarification.
• In reverse-osmosis and other membrane-separation systems, PAA functions as a membrane antiscalant suitable over pH 2–10 and temperatures up to about 80 °C. Typical dosages of 3–10 mg/L prevent CaCO₃, CaSO₄ and other sparingly soluble salts from forming dense scale on membrane surfaces. When used together with PAPEMP, PASP or AA/AMPS, PAA exhibits strong synergy; optimized blends can reach CaSO₄ scale-inhibition efficiencies near full suppression under moderately elevated temperature and acidic pH conditions, extending membrane-cleaning cycles and stabilizing flux in seawater, brackish-water and high-hardness industrial-water desalination.

Industria de pulpa y papel

• In the pulp and paper industry, PAA is widely used as a chelating and dispersing agent in pulping, bleaching and papermaking. During chemical pulping, raw materials and process waters introduce iron, copper and manganese ions that catalyze peroxide decomposition and darken the pulp; PAA chelates these metals and reduces their catalytic activity, thereby improving bleaching efficiency and stabilizing brightness. As a dispersant, it is particularly effective for nano- and micro-calcium carbonate fillers, lowering particle surface energy, improving slurry rheology and promoting uniform dispersion in the fiber matrix.
• In bleaching operations, PAA participates in composite bleaching aids together with polyepoxysuccinate, acrylic acid and sulfonated monomers. These in-situ copolymer systems suppress non-productive decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, reduce chemical consumption and help achieve high brightness at lower oxidant dosage. In the papermachine system, PAA acts as a retention and dispersion aid at very low addition levels; it increases retention of fillers and fines, improves sheet formation and uniformity, and reduces issues like flocculation marks and basis-weight streaks. Typical recommendations for PAA in papermaking are 0.01–0.1 % on oven-dry pulp as a wet-end additive, and 0.5–3.0 % in pulping as a chelating agent, depending on water chemistry and furnish composition.

Industria de impresión y teñido de textiles

• In textile printing and dyeing, PAA serves as a chelating dispersant, stabilizer and auxiliary across pretreatment, dyeing, printing and after-treatment. During desizing and bleaching, it chelates calcium, magnesium and transition-metal ions in water and on fabric surfaces, preventing metal-catalyzed degradation of peroxide and other auxiliaries. When dosed at 0.5–2 g/L in pretreatment baths at pH 7–11 and 30–95 °C, PAA enhances the removal of starch, waxes and other impurities, improving fabric cleanliness and whitening as a precursor to high-quality dyeing.
• In dyeing processes using reactive or disperse dyes, PAA acts as a chelating dispersant and leveling agent, typically at 1–3 g/L with pH 4–10 and up to 130 °C. It binds hardness ions that would otherwise form insoluble dye–metal complexes, reduces dye aggregation and supports uniform color build-up across the fabric. This leads to fewer shade variations, less spotting and improved reproducibility between lots. In printing, PAA is incorporated into pastes as a dispersant and stabilizer to prevent pigment and dye flocculation; it maintains the required viscosity profile of the paste so that printed patterns remain sharp and bright with minimal halo or feathering.
• In equipment cleaning and after-treatment, PAA is used at 3–5 g/L in alkaline cleaning solutions (pH 5–9, 50–80 °C) to remove scale, color residues and deposits from dyeing machines, printing ranges and pipelines. It chelates metal ions and disperses detached solids, helping restore clean internal surfaces and stable water quality. In fabric finishing, PAA can be applied as a component of finishing baths where it forms a hydrophilic polymer film on fiber surfaces, improving moisture absorption, antistatic behavior and handle, particularly on synthetic textiles.

Building Materials and Construction Industry

• In building materials, PAA and its derivatives are important raw materials for polycarboxylate high-range water reducers, cement grinding aids and gypsum retarders. As the backbone of polycarboxylate superplasticizers, PAA provides carboxyl functionality that adsorbs strongly onto cement particles, disperses agglomerates and introduces electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance, significantly improving the fluidity of concrete at reduced water–cement ratios. Proper control of PAA molecular weight (often 10,000–20,000) and acid content is critical to balance water reduction, slump retention and strength development in high-performance concrete.
• In cement grinding, PAA contributes as a dispersant component in composite grinding aids together with triethanolamine, glycerol, unsaturated polyethers, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and sugars. These components adsorb on fresh cement particle surfaces, reduce agglomeration, decrease mill power consumption and increase specific surface area. Industrial practice shows that PAA-containing grinding-aid formulations can improve grinding efficiency and early strength while reducing overall energy use. PAA is also used in gypsum and other binder systems as a set regulator and rheology modifier, and in tile adhesives, waterproof coatings and related building-chemicals to adjust water retention, workability and adhesion.

Metal Processing and Surface Treatment Industry

• In metal processing, PAA is incorporated into metal-cleaning formulations, non-cyanide electroplating baths and phosphating or passivation systems. In acid or mixed acid/alkaline cleaning agents, PAA is combined with glycolic or other organic acids and surfactants to remove scale, rust and oxide layers from steel surfaces. Under typical conditions of 40–60 °C, it chelates dissolved metal ions, accelerates removal of water scale and helps keep detached rust and solid residues dispersed, which improves cleaning efficiency while moderating base-metal attack.
• In non-cyanide copper electroplating, PAA acts as part of a complexant system at high alkalinity, forming soluble copper complexes that enable uniform, dense deposits at moderate current densities, eliminating cyanide from the process. Similar functions are observed in zinc plating systems, where PAA-based complexants support smooth coatings with improved corrosion resistance. In phosphating and related surface-treatment baths, small additions of PAA refine phosphate-crystal size, improve coating compactness and enhance paint adhesion and long-term corrosion performance on steel substrates.

Industria química y de cuidado personal de uso diario

• In daily chemical products, PAA is used as a phosphorus-free chelating agent, dispersant and stabilizer in laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids and hard-surface cleaners. At 0.1–0.5 % in laundry formulations, it softens hard water by binding Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, prevents deposition of inorganic salts on fabrics and improves the performance of surfactants. PAA also stabilizes enzymes, optical brighteners and fragrances by suppressing metal-catalyzed degradation, leading to clearer products with longer shelf life.
• In dishwashing liquids and kitchen/bathroom cleaners, PAA in the range of 0.5–1.5 % enhances removal of scale and metal soils from tableware and fixtures, prevents spots and haze on glass and stainless steel and helps maintain clarity of the liquid product during storage. In personal-care applications, PAA and its cross-linked derivatives serve as thickeners, gelling agents, pH adjusters and stabilizers in shampoos, hair conditioners, skin-care lotions and hair dyes. They control viscosity, stabilize emulsions and, through chelation of trace metals, help maintain color and odor stability in sensitive formulations.

Pharmaceutical Industry

• In the pharmaceutical field, PAA is used as a functional high-molecular excipient in controlled-release systems, bioadhesive formulations and nanocarriers. Its pH-responsive carboxyl groups provide swelling and solubility behavior that can be tailored to protect drugs in the stomach and release them in the intestine. Polymeric micelles and nanoparticles based on PAA, or block copolymers such as PS-b-PAA, have been developed to encapsulate poorly soluble drugs and enhance oral bioavailability.
• PAA’s mucoadhesive properties are exploited in oral and mucosal dosage forms to prolong residence time at absorption sites, thereby improving uptake of peptides and proteins. It can form polyelectrolyte complexes with chitosan and other polycations to build controlled-release matrices for biomacromolecules. These systems rely on PAA’s biocompatibility, ionizable carboxyl groups and ability to form hydrogen-bonded or ionic networks responsive to pH and ionic strength.

Agriculture and Soil Improvement

• In agriculture, PAA is applied as a soil water-retention agent, fertilizer efficiency enhancer and soil conditioner. Cross-linked PAA high-absorbency resins can absorb many times their own weight of water and slowly release it to plants, significantly increasing soil moisture content and improving drought resistance of crops across pH 2–10 environments. As a fertilizer synergist, low-dosage PAA reduces nitrogen leaching, retains more nutrients such as ammonium, nitrate, phosphate and potassium in the root zone and improves water–fertilizer utilization, ultimately increasing biomass yields.
• PAA also helps modify soil structure by binding fine particles, improving aggregate stability and promoting better aeration and infiltration. When used together with fertilizers, it reduces nutrient run-off during irrigation or rainfall events and supports more sustainable fertilization practices. These characteristics make PAA-based materials attractive for arid and semi-arid regions where water scarcity and fertilizer loss are critical constraints.

Oilfield Chemicals and Enhanced Recovery

• In oilfield chemistry, beyond injection-water scale control, PAA and related polymers are used in drilling fluids, fracturing systems and tertiary oil-recovery schemes. As a drilling-fluid additive, PAA contributes to viscosity control, fluid-loss reduction and stabilization of cuttings. It can form part of polymer packages that build thin, low-permeability filter cakes on borehole walls, minimizing filtrate invasion and maintaining wellbore stability.
• In enhanced-recovery operations, PAA-type polymers and their derivatives are formulated as mobility-control agents that increase the viscosity of injected water, improve sweep efficiency and displace residual oil more effectively. Although partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide is more widely referenced for polymer flooding, PAA itself and its salts are integral in the broader family of polyacrylate-type additives used to condition water, adjust rheology and stabilize emulsions in oilfield production and processing.

Almacenamiento y manipulación

• Store in sealed plastic drums away from heat and sunlight
• Ensure clean and dry handling equipment
• Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents
• Maintain grounding during product transfer

Aviso de uso

• Wear gloves and protective goggles during operation
• Conduct compatibility testing before mixing with strong alkalis or acids
• Dispose of according to local chemical regulations
• Perform a pilot test for multi-component formulations
• Cooling-water base inhibitor: PAA used alone at 1–15 mg/L in standard industrial circulating cooling water provides a calcium-carbonate scale-inhibition rate typically above 95 %, while dispersing suspended solids.
• Cooling-water blend with organophosphonate: PAA combined with organophosphonate at a total dosage of 5–20 mg/L under pH 7.0–9.5 delivers synergistic performance with overall scale-inhibition efficiency exceeding 98 %.
• Cooling-water formulation with zinc: PAA blended with zinc salts at 10–20 mg/L in carbon-steel systems simultaneously controls scale formation and achieves corrosion-inhibition efficiencies above 90 %.
• High-efficiency cooling-water composite: a formulation containing 21–25 % PAA, 11–15 % AA/MA copolymer, 0.11–0.20 % isothiazolinone and the balance deionized water dosed at 8–15 mg/L in high-hardness, high-alkalinity water achieves scale-inhibition rates above 98 % and corrosion rates below 0.05 mm/a.
• Green cooling-water formula: an eco-oriented program using 40 mg/L PAA, 30 mg/L PASP, 4 mg/L zinc sulfate and 8 mg/L PBTCA provides overall scale-inhibition of about 95 % with very low annual corrosion rate and low fouling heat resistance.
• RO antiscalant blend: a reverse-osmosis antiscalant containing 12.5 % PAA, 8 % PASP, 6 % AA/AMPS, 1 % PAPEMP and 2 % PBTCA in water dosed at several milligrams per liter protects brackish-water membranes from CaCO₃ and CaSO₄ scaling.
• RO program with CMC-Na: a high-efficiency RO formulation combining PAA with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose at around 80 mg/L in mine-water or high-hardness feeds extends cleaning intervals and stabilizes permeate flux.
• Cooling-water environmental formulation: PAA used together with AA/MA copolymers and non-phosphorus auxiliaries at optimized dosages builds low- or zero-phosphorus programs that satisfy stringent discharge standards while maintaining high scale control.
• Boiler-water internal treatment: PAA dosed in boiler feedwater at levels determined by alkalinity and hardness serves as a threshold inhibitor and dispersant that suppresses carbonate and sulfate scaling and allows higher limiting alkalinity.
• Oilfield injection-water inhibitor: PAA added at application-specific concentrations in injection-water systems chelates Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ba²⁺ and prevents CaCO₃ and BaSO₄ precipitation in pipelines, wellbores and formation pores.
• Pulping chelating agent: PAA used at 0.5–3.0 % on oven-dry pulp in chemical pulping complexes Fe, Cu and Mn ions and enhances subsequent bleaching efficiency and pulp brightness.
• Papermaking retention and dispersion aid: PAA dosed at 0.01–0.1 % on oven-dry pulp in the wet end improves filler retention, sheet uniformity, opacity and printability while stabilizing white-water conditions.
• Bleaching auxiliary system: a bleaching-aid system containing PAA, polyepoxysuccinate, acrylic acid, allyloxy hydroxypropyl sulfonate, chelants and stabilizers suppresses non-productive peroxide decomposition and improves brightness stability.
• Textile pretreatment liquor: PAA at 0.5–2 g/L in desizing and bleaching baths at pH 7–11 and 30–95 °C chelates hardness ions, stabilizes hydrogen peroxide and improves fabric cleanliness and whiteness.
• Reactive and disperse-dye dyeing bath: PAA at 1–3 g/L in dye baths with pH 4–10 and temperatures of 40–130 °C acts as a chelating dispersant and leveling agent that prevents dye flocculation and promotes even shade.
• Textile-equipment cleaning solution: PAA at 3–5 g/L in cleaning baths at pH 5–9 and 50–80 °C removes scale and color deposits from dyeing and printing equipment by chelating metals and dispersing solids.
• Metal-cleaning formulation: a cleaner containing 5–10 % glycolic or similar organic acid and 1–3 % PAA at 40–60 °C effectively removes oxide scale and water deposits from steel surfaces while controlling corrosion.
• Non-cyanide copper-plating bath: an alkaline copper bath comprising 8–12 g/L copper, 80–250 g/L PAA-based complexant, 20–30 g/L potassium sulfate and 40–60 g/L copper sulfate at pH 8.5–9.5 and 20–40 °C deposits uniform, dense copper coatings at 0.5–1 A/dm².
• Zinc-phosphate phosphating solution: a bath containing 30–50 g/L Zn(H₂PO₄)₂ and 0.5–2.0 g/L PAA at 60–70 °C produces fine, compact phosphate coatings with improved corrosion resistance and paint adhesion.
• Concrete superplasticizer backbone: PAA with molecular weight around 10,000–20,000 and acid content above 85 % serves as the core raw material of polycarboxylate high-range water reducers that significantly reduce water demand and improve concrete workability and strength.
• Composite cement grinding aid: a grinding-aid formulation containing 10–20 % triethanolamine, 5–10 % glycerol, 5–10 % acrylic acid, 5–10 % unsaturated polyether, 5–10 % polyvinyl alcohol, 5–10 % carboxymethyl cellulose, 5–10 % syrup and water uses PAA chemistry to disperse cement particles and increase mill efficiency.
• Water-retention admixture for gypsum and tile adhesives: formulations where PAA is incorporated at low percentages improve water retention, workability and adhesion in gypsum products and tile-bonding mortars.
• Phosphorus-free laundry liquid: a detergent formula using 0.1–0.5 % PAA as builder replaces STPP, softens hard water, enhances detergency and reduces eutrophication risk in effluents.
• Eco dishwashing liquid: a washing-up liquid containing 0.5–1.5 % PAA chelates metal ions, strengthens removal of inorganic and metallic soils and maintains product clarity during storage.
• Hair-dye composition: oxidative hair dyes formulated with 0.1–0.5 % PAA stabilize peroxide oxidants against metal-catalyzed decomposition and improve color consistency during application.
• Skin-care and shampoo base: personal-care formulations including low-level PAA use its chelating and thickening functions to stabilize emulsions, enhance cleansing in hard water and maintain long-term product stability.
• Agricultural water-retention agent: cross-linked PAA high-absorbency resin applied at 0.1–0.5 % of soil weight increases soil water content by more than 90 % and extends crop drought-tolerance time.
• Fertilizer efficiency enhancer: PAA added at 0.05–0.2 % of fertilizer weight reduces nitrogen leaching by over 30 %, retains more nutrients in the root zone and improves overall fertilizer-use efficiency.
• Soil conditioner: PAA applied at 1–5 kg per mu improves soil structure, enhances water–fertilizer retention and increases crop biomass in field conditions.
• Oilfield drilling-fluid additive: PAA-based polymers used at application-specific dosages in drilling fluids act as viscosifiers and fluid-loss reducers, form protective filter cakes and maintain stable rheology under downhole conditions.
• Enhanced-recovery polymer component: PAA-type structures included in tertiary-recovery polymer packages adjust injected-water viscosity, improve sweep efficiency and support higher ultimate oil recovery.

Embalaje

• Plastic drum, 25 kg net each
• Custom packaging available upon request