1,4-Butyrolactone GBL γ-Butyrolactone CAS 96-48-0

Tree Chem 1,4-Butyrolactone (GBL) is a colorless, transparent liquid with faint odor, produced through advanced catalytic hydrogenation technology to ensure high purity and low metal ion content. It serves as a versatile solvent and intermediate due to its excellent miscibility with water and most organic solvents.

We manufacture and supply GBL for semiconductor cleaning agents, pharmaceutical intermediates (e.g., pyrrolidones), battery additives, polymerization catalysts, and surface treatment formulations. For technical data or custom grades, contact info@cntreechem.com.

Спецификация

Основная информация

Технические характеристики

Приложения

Pharmaceutical Industry

• Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) plays a crucial role as an intermediate and solvent in the synthesis of a wide range of pharmaceutical compounds. It serves as a raw material for manufacturing pyrrolidones such as N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N-Vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), and Pyrrolidone-based polymers (PVP), all of which are vital for drug formulation and delivery systems. GBL is extensively used in producing antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and sparfloxacin, where it acts as a precursor for cyclopropylamine intermediates through a series of ring-opening, esterification, cyclization, and amination reactions.
• In the field of vitamins and neurological drugs, GBL is an essential feedstock for vitamin B1 and B6 synthesis and the production of Piracetam (a nootropic medication). It is also a preferred solvent for formulating high-boiling, thermally stable drug solutions due to its strong solvency and low toxicity. As a penetration enhancer in transdermal delivery systems, GBL increases the diffusion of active molecules through the skin by interacting with lipid layers, achieving up to 2–5 times higher permeability in pharmaceutical patches without causing irritation.

Agrochemical Industry

• GBL serves as an indispensable intermediate and solvent in pesticide, herbicide, and fungicide manufacturing. It is the starting material for several agrochemical intermediates, including precursors of pyrethroids and organophosphorus insecticides. In herbicide production, it is utilized to synthesize glufosinate ammonium and cyclohexanone derivatives through bromination, amination, and hydrolysis reactions.
• In pesticide formulations, GBL is widely applied as a co-solvent and emulsifier in emulsifiable concentrates (ECs) and suspension concentrates (SCs). Its strong solvency enables efficient dissolution of active ingredients, stability enhancement, and reduced formulation volatility. Additionally, it functions as a penetration adjuvant, improving pesticide adhesion and uptake through plant cuticles and enhancing efficacy at lower dosages. GBL’s derivatives are also explored as carriers in slow-release agricultural delivery systems and nanocapsule formulations for precision agriculture.

Battery and Energy Storage Applications

• GBL is increasingly important in lithium-ion battery manufacturing as an electrolyte additive, co-solvent, and binder solvent. Its high dielectric constant and oxidative stability make it ideal for forming solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films, which protect electrodes and improve cycle life. When used in formulations such as 1 mol/L LiPF₆ in EC : DMC : GBL (4 : 4 : 3), it delivers superior ionic conductivity and capacity retention exceeding 88% after 200 charge–discharge cycles.
• As a component of gel polymer electrolytes, GBL (10–30%) enhances ionic mobility and mechanical strength. It also dissolves PVDF binders (5–15%) in electrode slurries for high-nickel cathode materials, offering uniform dispersion and excellent film formation. In addition, GBL is used for electrode cleaning and electrolyte preparation, contributing to the performance and stability of modern lithium-ion and solid-state batteries.

Coatings, Inks, and Adhesives

• In coatings, GBL is valued as a high-boiling, low-volatility solvent for polyimide, epoxy, and polyester resins. It enhances flow, adhesion, and gloss while reducing volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. In automotive and industrial coatings, GBL (5–20%) improves film uniformity, hardness, and weather resistance.
• In printing inks, GBL functions as both a solvent and dispersing medium, improving pigment stability, viscosity control, and drying properties. It is particularly suitable for gravure and flexographic printing inks and conductive or fluorescent specialty inks. In adhesives, GBL acts as an active diluent in UV-curable and medical-grade systems, enhancing curing speed, adhesion strength, and optical transparency.

Electronics and Semiconductor Industry

• GBL is widely used in the semiconductor and electronics sectors as a cleaning solvent and photoresist remover. It is a key component in stripping formulations combining GBL (20–75%), NMP, and chelating agents, effectively dissolving photoresists and post-etch residues without corroding metal or silicon substrates.
• In wafer and PCB cleaning, GBL-based formulations (5–20%) efficiently remove organic residues, particles, and ionic contaminants, meeting high-purity semiconductor manufacturing requirements. Its high boiling point and controlled evaporation rate make it ideal for microfabrication processes in integrated circuits, display panels, and sensor components.

Textile and Dyeing Industry

• In the textile industry, GBL functions as a dye carrier and penetrant for synthetic fibers, improving color uniformity and fastness. It helps disperse and stabilize dyes, ensuring deep, consistent coloration in high-temperature dyeing processes. Additionally, it is used in finishing agents that enhance the softness and smoothness of fibers.
• GBL-based systems (10–30%) are also adopted as auxiliaries in specialty textile coatings, improving flexibility, chemical resistance, and surface appearance of fabrics used in protective clothing, filtration, and technical textiles.

Fragrance, Surfactant, and Polymer Industries

• GBL’s faint, sweet odor and reactivity make it useful in synthesizing fragrance intermediates like γ-heptalactone and γ-nonalactone, key components in fruity and creamy scent formulations. In surfactant manufacturing, GBL contributes to producing low-foam and emulsifying agents for high-efficiency cleaning formulations.
• In polymer processing, GBL acts as a solvent, plasticizer, and polymerization medium for high-performance materials such as polyesters, polyamides, and engineering plastics. It improves processability, enhances molecular weight control, and supports recycling through dissolution–reprecipitation processes.

Хранение и обработка

• Хранить в cool, dry, and ventilated environments away from direct sunlight and heat.
• Keep containers tightly sealed and protect from moisture or contamination.
• Избегайте контакта с strong acids, alkalis, and oxidizing agents.
• Использовать stainless steel or lined drums for long-term storage.
• Recommended storage temperature: below 30 °C.

Уведомление об использовании

• Использовать protective gloves, goggles, and masks during handling.
• Avoid inhalation and skin contact; ensure adequate ventilation.
• Prevent contact with strong oxidizers or catalysts to avoid unwanted reactions.
• Maintain anti-static grounding during transfer and filling.
• Утилизируйте остатки в соответствии с local chemical safety regulations.
• Ciprofloxacin intermediate synthesis: GBL 100 parts, SOCl₂ 40 parts, ethanol 50 parts, methylamine 60 parts — for cyclopropylamine precursor formation.
• Vitamin B₁ intermediate: GBL 100 parts, chlorinating reagent 10 parts, dilute acid 5 parts — forms α-chlorobutyrolactone.
• Transdermal patch: API 5–15%, pressure-sensitive adhesive 30–50%, GBL 3–20% — improves drug permeation and stability.
• Pesticide EC: active 10–60%, solvent 30–60%, GBL 0.5–10%, emulsifier 5–15% — enhances solubility and wettability.
• Pesticide SC: active 1–50%, dispersant 3–10%, GBL 0.1–5% — stabilizes suspension and prevents sedimentation.
• Battery electrolyte: 1 mol/L LiPF₆ in (EC : DMC : GBL = 4 : 4 : 3) + 0.05 mol/L Li₂CO₃ — improves SEI formation and conductivity.
• Binder solvent for cathodes: active 80–90%, PVDF 2–5%, GBL 5–15%, conductive agent 5–10% — ensures uniform slurry and adhesion.
• Automotive coating: resin 40–60%, pigment 10–30%, GBL 10–20%, co-solvent 10–20% — enhances gloss and flow leveling.
• Gravure ink: pigment 10–25%, resin 20–40%, GBL 15–25%, additives 2–5% — increases print quality and consistency.
• Wafer cleaner: GBL 5–20%, glycol ether 10–30%, surfactant 2–10%, deionized water balance — removes organic residues safely.
• Textile dye bath: dye 2–8%, GBL 10–30%, auxiliaries 5–10%, water balance — enhances penetration and color depth.

Упаковка

• 200 kg steel drum
• 200 kg polyethylene drum
• Custom packaging available upon request