Sodium of Polyaspartic Acid PASP Polyaspartic Acid Sodium CAS 181828-06-8

Tree Chem supplies high-quality Sodium Polyaspartate with excellent thermal stability, strong dispersion performance, and high calcium tolerance. PASP exhibits high biodegradability, making it ideal for water-treatment programs that require phosphorus-free formulations or reduced environmental discharge.

This product is a yellow to reddish-brown liquid, compatible with multiple water-treatment chemicals, and performs well under wide pH and temperature ranges. It inhibits calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and sludge deposition while providing dispersion of suspended solids. For technical support or order details, contact info@cntreechem.com.

Спецификация

Основная информация

Технические характеристики

Приложения

Water Treatment Industry

• Sodium polyaspartate (PASP) is first and foremost a green, phosphorus-free, nitrogen-free scale and corrosion inhibitor for industrial water treatment, and this sector accounts for the majority of its consumption. In circulating cooling-water systems of petrochemical, power and heavy-industry plants, PASP acts via strong chelation, crystal-lattice distortion and dispersion: its abundant carboxyl groups bind Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ba²⁺ and other cations, adsorb on nascent crystal nuclei and wrap microcrystals with polymer chains so that scale develops as fine, loose particles rather than hard, adherent deposits. Even at very low dosages, PASP shows a pronounced threshold effect; in hard waters its addition can significantly increase the supersaturation limit of calcium carbonate without visible scaling, while keeping suspended particles dispersed and maintaining high heat-transfer efficiency.
• In real cooling-water systems, PASP is typically dosed at 5–20 mg/L as a core inhibitor under high-alkalinity, high-hardness and high-pH operating conditions. It simultaneously suppresses carbonate, sulfate and barium scales, forms a thin protective film that reduces metal corrosion, and disperses mud and suspended solids to avoid sludge formation. Case experience in petrochemical plants shows that after replacing traditional phosphonate programs with PASP-based formulations, heat-exchange efficiency can increase around one quarter, scale-related failures and shutdowns drop sharply, and chemical consumption and maintenance costs are significantly reduced. PASP also exhibits good compatibility with oxidizing biocides such as chlorine, allowing integrated control of scaling, corrosion and microbiological activity in the same system.
• In boiler-water treatment, PASP is used to prevent internal scaling and corrosion in low-, medium- and high-pressure boilers. Its carboxyl groups chelate hardness ions and disturb the precipitation of CaCO₃ and CaSO₄ under high-temperature conditions, keeping boiler tubes and drum surfaces cleaner and preserving heat-transfer performance. At the same time PASP promotes formation of a compact protective film on steel surfaces that limits direct contact between metal, water and dissolved oxygen, thus lowering corrosion rates. Field data from power-plant boilers show that with PASP-containing programs the limiting alkalinity can be raised into the 9–12 mmol/L range while maintaining excellent scale control and markedly improved corrosion behavior, extending operating cycles between chemical cleanings.
• Oilfield water treatment is another key downstream sector, covering injection-water conditioning, fracturing fluids and produced-water treatment. Formation waters often contain large amounts of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ba²⁺, and when mixed with injected water they readily form carbonate and sulfate scales that plug pipelines, well tubing and reservoir pore throats. PASP alone offers strong inhibition of calcium carbonate and barium sulfate in these systems; however, its effect on calcium sulfate is weaker, so in practice it is usually compounded with other inhibitors such as HPMA and PBTCA to build broad-spectrum formulations. Such PASP-based blends reduce scaling in injection lines and downhole equipment, improve the stability of water-flood operations and cut the frequency and intensity of mechanical or chemical descaling treatments.
• In reverse-osmosis and other membrane processes, PASP functions as a high-efficiency antiscalant for seawater desalination, brackish-water purification and industrial wastewater reuse. RO membranes are susceptible to fouling by CaCO₃, CaSO₄, BaSO₄ and colloidal deposits; PASP’s chelation and dispersion mechanisms keep these salts in the bulk phase and limit their nucleation and growth on membrane surfaces. In seawater-desalination case studies, combined use of PASP (for example 10–15 mg/L) with small amounts of sodium polyacrylate or additional PASP derivatives has reduced membrane fouling rates by nearly half, maintained stable permeate output and extended membrane service life to around four years, while simultaneously lowering phosphorus levels in concentrate discharges to meet strict marine-environment regulations.

Pulp and Paper Industry

• In the pulp and paper industry, PASP is used as a chelating agent, dispersant and retention aid across pulping, bleaching and papermaking stages. In chemical pulping, raw fiber materials and process waters bring iron, copper, manganese and other metals that catalyze oxidative degradation and darken the pulp; PASP complexes these metal ions, stabilizing bleaching agents such as hydrogen peroxide, improving the efficiency of delignification and brightness development, and reducing chemical consumption. PASP also serves as an effective dispersant for nano-calcium carbonate, lowering particle surface energy, improving slurry rheology and promoting uniform distribution of filler, which in turn enhances paper opacity and whiteness.
• During bleaching, sodium PASP can be introduced into polymerization systems with acrylic acid and allyloxy hydroxypropyl sulfonate to form an in-situ copolymer auxiliary that works synergistically with hydrogen peroxide. This auxiliary suppresses non-productive peroxide decomposition, increases usable oxidant fraction and delivers higher brightness at lower peroxide dosages while minimizing fiber damage. In papermaking, PASP is added at low levels as a wet-end retention and dispersion aid: it improves filler and fine-fiber retention, helps achieve better formation and sheet uniformity, and reduces pinholes and specks by controlling metal-induced agglomeration. At the same time, PASP chelates hardness ions in white-water loops and disperses deposits, reducing scaling and build-up on headboxes, wires, felts and rolls and thereby lowering downtime for cleaning.

Textile Printing and Dyeing Industry

• In textile printing and dyeing, PASP acts as a chelating dispersant, stabilizer and auxiliary in pre-treatment, dyeing, printing and equipment-cleaning operations. During desizing and bleaching, PASP chelates Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in process water and on fiber surfaces, preventing metal-catalyzed decomposition of starch sizes and hydrogen peroxide and thereby improving desizing efficiency and whiteness. Typical pre-treatment baths use PASP at 0.5–2 g/L over a wide pH range and moderate to high temperatures, usually in combination with wetting agents and stabilizers.
• In dyeing stages with reactive or disperse dyes, PASP operates as a chelating dispersant and leveling agent. It binds hardness ions that could otherwise form insoluble dye–metal complexes, and its dispersing action keeps dye particles finely and stably dispersed in electrolyte-rich baths. As a result, PASP improves shade levelness, color yield and reproducibility, and reduces occurrences of flocculation, spots and streaks. In equipment-cleaning applications, PASP is used in conjunction with alkaline cleaners to remove scale and color residues from dyeing machines, printing ranges and pipelines; it chelates metal ions in scale, disperses detached particles and helps restore clean, smooth internal surfaces, as confirmed by improved stability of spray-water quality indicators in textile-plant systems treated with PASP-based programs.

Metal Processing and Surface Treatment Industry

• In metal processing, PASP serves in three main roles: as a component of metal cleaning agents, as a complexant in non-cyanide electroplating baths and as an additive in phosphating and passivation formulations. In metal cleaning, PASP is rarely used alone; instead it is blended with inorganic and organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, citric acid, glycolic acid or sulfamic acid to accelerate dissolution of difficult scales, especially calcium sulfate and silicate deposits, while reducing overall acid consumption and corrosion risk. In these formulations PASP chelates dissolved metal ions, disperses solid residues and works alongside surfactants that handle oils and greases, giving balanced removal of rust, scale and organic contamination from steel and special-steel surfaces.
• As a non-cyanide electroplating complexant, PASP forms stable complexes with copper, zinc and other metal ions, moderating metal-ion activity, controlling deposition rate and producing more uniform, dense and fine-grained coatings. A typical cyanide-free copper bath uses moderate copper concentrations with a high level of PASP-containing complexant, supporting practical current densities and operating conditions while avoiding the toxicity of cyanide. In phosphating and other surface treatments, PASP added to zinc phosphate solutions improves crystal morphology and coating compactness, thereby enhancing corrosion resistance and paint adhesion. Used as a passivation additive, PASP participates in forming protective films on metal surfaces, raising resistance to corrosive atmospheres and extending the service life of treated components.

Daily Chemical and Personal-Care Industry

• In the daily chemical sector, PASP is incorporated as a phosphate-free chelating and stabilizing ingredient in detergents and personal-care products. In household and institutional detergents—powders, liquids and automatic dishwashing formulations—PASP softens hard water by binding Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, boosts the cleaning power of anionic and nonionic surfactants and reduces fabric graying and redeposition. Because it is phosphorus-free and readily biodegradable, PASP can partially or fully replace sodium tripolyphosphate and similar builders, helping manufacturers reduce eutrophication risks and meet stringent discharge regulations while maintaining wash performance. Industrial data show that dozens of leading domestic brands have already integrated PASP into their green-product formula systems, with consumption in detergent applications having grown several-fold in just a few years.
• In personal-care formulations such as shampoos, body washes, skin-care products and hair dyes, PASP plays the role of chelant and stability enhancer. In shampoos and shower gels it improves cleaning in hard water by reducing hardness-related interactions that can suppress foam and leave residues, while simultaneously protecting dyes, fragrances and sensitive actives from metal-catalyzed degradation. In oxidative hair-dye products, PASP stabilizes peroxide or other oxidants, preventing premature decomposition during storage, which leads to more predictable color development and better user experience. It is also used in specialized scalp-care and anti-itch shampoos, where PASP appears in multi-component systems that combine thickening, antimicrobial and conditioning functions.

Agricultural Field

• Agriculture is one of the fastest-growing application areas for PASP, where it is primarily used as a fertilizer enhancer and functional additive in special fertilizers. In soil environments, PASP can chelate Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺ and other nutrient and detrimental ions, reducing fixation of applied nutrients and improving their availability to plants. Its presence in fertilizers helps slow nutrient release, extend fertilizer effectiveness, liberate phosphorus and potassium that have been immobilized in the soil, and mitigate sodium-ion toxicity in saline–alkali soils by binding Na⁺ and improving soil structure. Field trials indicate that PASP-containing fertilizers can raise nutrient-use efficiency by more than 30 %, increase crop yields by 5–15 % and enhance stress resistance against drought and salinity while improving product quality.
• In practical use, PASP is incorporated into compound fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers and foliar fertilizers at relatively low weight ratios, often between 0.05 % and 0.3 % for solid fertilizers or in the low single-digit percent range for liquid products. Example formulations combine PASP with high levels of organic matter, proteins, seaweed extracts, fulvic acids and macro- and micro-nutrients to create “bio-stimulus plus nutrition-enhancement” packages for drip irrigation, fertigation and specialty crop programs. PASP also serves as a pesticide carrier and formulation aid, where its chelation and dispersing properties help stabilize active ingredients, maintain uniform suspensions and support controlled release, while its biodegradability ensures no persistent environmental accumulation.

Pharmaceutical, Food and Other Emerging Applications

• In the pharmaceutical field, PASP is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain drugs, as a chelating component in formulations and as a base structure for degradable polymeric carriers. Its ability to form stable complexes with metal ions is exploited in chelate-type drug designs that aim to improve stability or bioavailability in systems where metal-catalyzed degradation is an issue. Chemically modified PASP derivatives have been developed as controlled-release carriers that degrade in simulated body fluids at rates more favorable than traditional materials such as polylactic acid, offering refined release profiles for active ingredients.
• Beyond pharmaceuticals, PASP finds applications in food-related materials, building materials, environmental protection and oilfield chemicals. In food-contact materials and certain food formulations, PASP is used as a stabilizer or dispersant that improves texture and stability at low addition levels, aligning with strict safety and environmental requirements. In concrete and construction materials it functions as a set retarder and water-reducing agent, extending setting time, improving workability and enhancing impermeability and corrosion resistance. PASP-based blends with starch or cellulose can be processed into biodegradable packaging materials, while PASP’s strong affinity for heavy metals makes it an effective sorbent for treating wastewaters containing lead, cadmium or chromium. In dust suppressants it is combined with polyvinyl alcohol and starch to form environmentally friendly formulations that provide long-lasting dust control. In oilfield chemicals, PASP is included in drilling and fracturing fluids as a dispersant, filtration-loss reducer and corrosion inhibitor, helping to stabilize fluid properties and protect downhole equipment.

Хранение и обработка

• Store in sealed plastic drums in a cool, ventilated area
• Protect from direct heat and strong oxidizing substances
• Maintain clean handling equipment to avoid contamination
• Ensure grounding during transfer operations

Уведомление об использовании

• Wear gloves and goggles during handling
• Avoid mixing with strong acids before neutralization
• Perform compatibility testing when used in compound formulations
• Comply with local regulations for chemical disposal
• Circulating cooling-water base program: PASP used alone at 5–20 mg/L serves as a green scale inhibitor and dispersant in general industrial cooling systems, achieving scale-inhibition efficiencies above about 95 % and enabling high concentration-cycle operation.
• Circulating cooling-water PASP + sodium polyacrylate program: a formulation with 10 mg/L PASP and 2 mg/L sodium polyacrylate is applied to high-calcium cooling water to suppress carbonate scale and reduce membrane or heat-exchange fouling rates.
• Circulating cooling-water PASP + PASP (derivative) program: in seawater-desalination plants a composite using 15 mg/L PASP and 5 mg/L polyepoxysuccinic acid extends RO membrane life to around four years while cutting fouling and phosphorus discharge.
• High-efficiency composite cooling-water inhibitor: a concentrate containing about 30–35 % PASP, 18–28 % PBTCA, 15–20 % EDTMPA, 15–20 % AA/AMPS copolymer and 10–15 % phosphono-carboxylic copolymer is dosed at 8–15 mg/L in high-hardness, high-alkalinity systems to obtain scale-inhibition rates above 98 % and corrosion-inhibition rates above 90 %.
• Phosphorus-free water-treatment formulation: a blend of 5–10 % PASP, 1–5 % additional scale dispersant, 5–10 % organic acids, 5–10 % organic acid salts and 5–10 % chitosan or derivatives is dosed at 10–30 mg/L in environmentally sensitive sites to deliver effective scale control with overall biodegradation above 80 %.
• Brackish-water RO antiscalant: a standard RO antiscalant concentrate with 12.5 % PASP, 8 % PASP derivative, 6 % AA/AMPS, 1 % PAPEMP and 2 % PBTCA in purified water is fed at appropriate ppm levels to protect membranes from carbonate and sulfate scaling.
• Mine-water RO antiscalant: a high-turbidity mine-water system uses a composite of PASP and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose at a total dosage of about 80 mg/L to minimize scaling and keep suspended solids well dispersed.
• Low-pressure boiler-water formulation: a program built from 15–25 % PASP, 10–15 % polycarboxylate dispersant and 2–5 % zinc salt in water is dosed at 5–10 mg/L for low-pressure boilers operating up to about 180 °C to prevent internal scale and corrosion.
• Medium-pressure boiler-water formulation: a corrosion- and scale-control package containing 20–30 % PASP, 15–20 % HPMA, 3–8 % sodium molybdate and 0.5–2 % benzotriazole equivalent is applied at 8–15 mg/L in medium-pressure boilers up to roughly 250 °C.
• High-pressure boiler-water formulation: a high-stress boiler program with 25–35 % PASP, 10–15 % ATMP, 5–10 % sodium tungstate and 1–3 % zinc salt is dosed at 10–20 mg/L for units operating up to about 300 °C to combine strong scale and corrosion control.
• Pulping chelation program: PASP added at 0.5–3.0 % based on oven-dry pulp acts as a chelating agent in the pulping stage to bind metal ions and improve pulp brightness and stability.
• Pulp-bleaching auxiliary: a peroxide-bleaching aid formulated from 20–40 parts sodium PESA, 0.5–5 parts initiator, 15–30 parts acrylic acid, 1–3 parts allyloxy hydroxypropyl sulfonate, 2–8 parts chelating agent and 1–4 parts stabilizer uses PASP chemistry to stabilize hydrogen peroxide and raise bleaching efficiency.
• Papermaking wet-end aid: PASP dosed at 0.01–0.1 % on oven-dry pulp in the papermaking stage functions as a retention and dispersion aid to improve filler retention and sheet formation.
• Textile pre-treatment baths: PASP used at 0.5–2 g/L in desizing and bleaching baths at pH 7–11 and 30–95 °C chelates metal ions and stabilizes peroxide to improve fabric cleanliness and whiteness.
• Reactive and disperse-dye dyeing liquor: PASP added at 1–3 g/L in dye baths operated at pH 4–10 and 40–130 °C serves as a chelating dispersant and leveling agent to prevent dye flocculation and improve shade uniformity.
• Textile-equipment cleaning solution: PASP used at 3–5 g/L in cleaning solutions at pH 5–9 and 50–80 °C, often with alkaline cleaners, removes scale and dye deposits from dyeing and printing machinery.
• Acidic metal-cleaning formulation: a metal cleaner containing 5–10 % glycolic acid and 1–3 % PASP at 40–60 °C removes oxide scale and water scale while controlling corrosion of metal substrates.
• Special-steel pickling solution: a pickling formulation comprising 5–9 parts diethylenetriamine, 12–18 parts complex reducing agent, 20–24 parts detergent, 7–9 parts amino triacetic acid or PASP, 7–12 parts potassium or sodium chlorate and 32–49 parts water uses PASP chemistry to achieve controlled removal of complex oxides.
• Cyanide-free copper-plating bath: an alkaline copper bath with 8–12 g/L copper, 80–250 g/L PASP-containing complexant, 20–30 g/L potassium sulfate and 40–60 g/L copper sulfate at pH 8.5–9.5 and 20–40 °C deposits uniform, dense copper coatings at 0.5–1 A/dm².
• Phosphate-free laundry-liquid formulation: a green laundry liquid including 0.1–0.5 % PASP, 1–5 % amino-acid N-carboxylate salts, 1–2 % polyepoxysuccinic acid, 5–8 % water-soluble chitosan quaternary salt, 12–20 % sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, 0.2–5 % sodium chloride, the balance water and trace fragrance uses PASP as a builder to soften hard water and enhance detergency.
• Agricultural compound fertilizer: granular compound fertilizers containing PASP at 0.05–0.3 % by weight are produced to improve nutrient-use efficiency by more than 30 %, enhance crop yields and mitigate salt-stress effects.
• Water-soluble fertilizer: liquid or powder water-soluble fertilizers formulated with 1–3 % PASP, 20–50 % NPK and 0.1–1 % trace elements are applied to promote nutrient uptake and achieve 5–15 % yield increases.
• Foliar fertilizer: foliar formulations with 0.05–0.1 % PASP, 5–10 % urea and 3–5 % monopotassium phosphate enhance leaf nutrient absorption and improve crop quality attributes.
• Food-related additive applications: PASP used at 0.1–1.0 % of total food weight in selected food-contact or texturizing systems functions as a stabilizer and dispersant to improve texture and shelf stability.
• Concrete admixture: PASP dosed at 0.01–0.1 % of cement weight in concrete acts as a set retarder and water reducer, extending workability and improving impermeability and durability of structures.
• Dust-suppressant formulation: an environmental dust suppressant comprising 0.5–3.0 % PASP, 0.2–4.0 % polyvinyl alcohol and 0.02–0.1 % water-soluble starch in water is sprayed onto surfaces to provide long-lasting dust control.

Упаковка

• Plastic drums: 25 kg / 250 kg
• Индивидуальная упаковка доступна по запросу.